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Bats
Glottocode: bats1242
Genalogical classification: Nakh-Dagestanian
Original alignment pattern: Ergative
Source construction: Transitive and intransitive constructions with distinct 1st and 2nd person indexes for A and S, as in (1) and (2), derived through the affixation of independent pronouns (see (2)).
Developmental mechanism: 1sg and 2nd person ergative affixes are extendend to some intransitive A-like S participants, as in (3). The process might be due to contact with Georgian.
Resulting construction: 1st and 2nd person S participants show a split in coding: some pattern with A participants, others do not.
Type of change: Extension
Alignment in the resulting construction: Nominative-Accusative
Global alignment pattern following the change: Split intransitivity
Constraints on the distribution of the resulting alignment: Split in the coding of S restricted to 1st and 2nd person.
Grammatical domains: Verbal indexation
Symmetry: Symmetric
Type of data: Internal reconstruction
References: Harris 2010:210-213
Examples
(1) Bats (Nakh-Daghestanian; Harris 2010:212)
| p’ay | b-eyɬ-n-as | ħo |
| kiss:NOM | CM-give-AOR-1SG.ERG | 2SG:DAT |
‘I gave you a kiss.’ ‘I kissed you.’
(2) Bats (Nakh-Daghestanian; Harris 2010:211)
| (so) | vož-en-sŏ |
| 1SG.ABS | fell-AOR-1SG.ABS |
‘I fell down, by accident.’
(3) Bats (Nakh-Daghestanian; Harris 2010:210)
| (as) | daħ | y-apx-yail-n-as |
| 1SG.ERG | PV | CM-undress-AUX-AOR-1SG.ERG |
‘I took my clothes off.'
(4) Bats